Senin, 23 Januari 2012

grammar material



Simple Present

FORM

Positive : S + V1 (s/es)
Negative : S + DO/DOES + NOT + V1
Interrogative: DO/DOES + S + V1
example:
1. I drink coffee.
    I don't drink coffee.
   What do you drink ?
2. She drinks coffee.
    She doesn't drink coffee.
    What does she drink?
3. We drink coffee.
    We don' drink coffee.
    What do they drink?

speaking

how to improve your english?

1. don't be shy
2. learn phrase, not single word
3. learn with your ears, more than your eyes
4. repeat, repeat, repeat
5. speak to your self, practice your english aloud
6. practice your english litle and often







reading

 

 Telling Story

 

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs 's Fairy Tale by guest artists, the Brothers Grimm]



Little Snow White is an old story, a classic fairy tale
told and retold to scare, entertain, and teach morals
to children throughout Europe for centuries.
Therefore, parental discretion advised. It was first written down in German by the Brothers Grimm in 1812.
This version was translated to English by L.L. Weedon in 1898.
Long, long ago, in the winter-time, when the snowflakes were falling like little white feathers from the sky, a beautiful Queen sat beside her window, which was framed in black ebony, and stitched. As she worked, she looked sometimes at the falling snow, and so it happened that she pricked her finger with her needle, so that three drops of blood fell upon the snow.
"How pretty the red blood looked upon the dazzling white!" The Queen said to herself as she saw it, "Ah me! If only I had a dear little child as white as the snow, as rosy as the blood, and with hair as black as the ebony window-frame."
Soon afterwards a little daughter came to her, who was white as snow, rosy as the blood, and whose hair was as black as ebony–so she was called "Little Snow-White."
But alas! When the little one came, the good Queen dies.

A year passed away, and the King took another wife. She was very beautiful, but so proud and haughty that she could not bear to be surpassed in beauty by anyone. She possessed a wonderful mirror which could answer her when she stood before it and said-
"Mirror, mirror upon the wall, Who is the fairest of all?"
The mirror answered-
"Thou, O Queen, art the fairest of all,"
and the Queen was contented, because she knew the mirror could speak nothing but the truth.
But as time passed on, Little Snow-White grew more and more beautiful, until when she was seven years old, she was as lovely as the bright day, and still more lovely than the Queen herself, so that when the lady one day asked her mirror-
"Mirror, mirror upon the wall, Who is the fairest fair of all?"
it answered-
"O Lady Queen, though fair ye be, Snow-White is fairer far to see."
The Queen was horrified, and from that moment envy and pride grew in her heart like rank weeds, until one day she called a huntsman and said "Take the child away into the woods and kill her, for I can no longer bear the sight of her. And when you return bring with you her heart, that I may know you have obeyed my will."
The huntsman dared not disobey, so he led Snow-White out into the woods and placed an arrow in his bow to pierce her innocent heart, but the little maid begged him to spare her life, and the child's beauty touched his heart with pity, so that he bade her run away.
Then as a young wild boar came rushing by, he killed it, took out its heart, and carried it home to the Queen.
Poor little Snow-White was now all alone in the wild wood, and so frightened was she that she trembled at every leaf that rustled. So she began to run, and ran on and on until she came to a little house, where she went in to rest.
In the little house everything she saw was tiny, but more dainty and clean than words can tell.
Upon a white-covered table stood seven little plates and upon each plate lay a little spoon, besides which there were seven knives and forks and seven little goblets. Against the wall, and side by side, stood seven little beds covered with snow-white sheets.
Snow-White was so hungry and thirsty that she took a little food from each of the seven plates, and drank a few drops of wine from each goblet, for she did not wish to take everything away from one. Then, because she was so tired, she crept into one bed after the other, seeking for rest, but one was too long, another too short, and so on, until she came to the seventh, which suited her exactly; so she said her prayers and soon fell fast asleep.
When night fell the masters of the little house came home. They were seven dwarfs, who worked with a pick-axe and spade, searching for cooper and gold in the heart of the mountains.
They lit their seven candles and then saw that someone had been to visit them. The first said, "Who has been sitting on my chair?"
The second said, "Who has been eating from my plate?"
The third, "Who has taken a piece of my bread?"
The fourth, "Who has taken some of my vegetables?"
The fifth, "Who has been using my fork?"
The sixth, "Who has been cutting with my knife?"
The seventh, "Who has been drinking out of my goblet?"
The first looked round and saw that his bed was rumpled, so he said, "Who has been getting into my bed?"
Then the others looked round and each one cried, "Someone has been on my bed too?"
But the seventh saw little Snow-White lying asleep in his bed, and called the others to come and look at her; and they cried aloud with surprise, and fetched their seven little candles, so that they might see her the better, and they were so pleased with her beauty that they let her sleep on all night.
When the sun rose Snow-White awoke, and, oh! How frightened she was when she saw the seven little dwarfs. But they were very friendly, and asked what her name was. "My name is Snow-White," she answered.
"And how did you come to get into our house?" questioned the dwarfs.
Then she told them how her cruel step-mother had intended her to be killed, but how the huntsman had spared her life and she had run on until she reached the little house. And the dwarfs said, "If you will take care of our house, cook for us, and make the beds, wash, mend, and knit, and keep everything neat and clean, then you may stay with us altogether and you shall want for nothing."
"With all my heart," answered Snow-White; and so she stayed.
She kept the house neat and clean for the dwarfs, who went off early in the morning to search for copper and gold in the mountains, and who expected their meal to be standing ready for them when they returned at night.
All day long Snow-White was alone, and the good little dwarfs warned her to be careful to let no one into the house. "For," said they, "your step-mother will soon discover that you are living here."
The Queen, believing, of course, that Snow-White was dead, and that therefore she was again the most beautiful lady in the land, went to her mirror, and said-
"Mirror, mirror upon the wall, Who is the fairest fair of all?"
Then the mirror answered-
"O Lady Queen, though fair ye be, Snow-White is fairer far to see. Over the hills and far away, She dwells with seven dwarfs to-day."
How angry she was, for she knew that the mirror spoke the truth, and that the huntsman must have deceived her. She thought and thought how she might kill Snow-White, for she knew she would have neither rest nor peace until she really was the most beautiful lady in the land. At length she decided what to do. She painted her face and dressed herself like an old pedlar-woman, so that no one could recognize her, and in this disguise she climbed the seven mountains that lay between her and the dwarfs' house, and knocked at their door and cried, "Good wares to sell-very cheap to-day!"
Snow-White peeped from the window and said, "Good day, good-wife, and what are your wares?"
"All sorts of pretty things, my dear," answered the woman. "Silken laces of every colour," and she held up a bright-coloured one, made of plaited silks.
"Surely I might let this honest old woman come in?" thought Snow-White, and unbolted the door and bought the pretty lace.
"Dear, dear, what a figure you are, child," said the old woman; "come, let me lace you properly for once."
Snow-White had no suspicious thoughts, so she placed herself in front of the old woman that she might fasten her dress with the new silk lace. But in less than no time the wicked creature had laced her so tightly that she could not breathe, but fell down upon the ground as though she were dead. "Now," said the Queen, "I am once more the most beautiful lady in the land," and she went away.
When the dwarfs came home they were very grieved to find their dear little Snow-White lying upon the ground as though she were dead. They lifted her gently and, seeing that she was too tightly laced, they cut the silken cord, when she drew a long breath and then gradually came back to life.
When the dwarfs heard all that had happened they said, "The pedlar-woman was certainly the wicked Queen. Now, take care in future that you open the door to none when we are not with you."
The wicked Queen had no sooner reached home than she went to her mirror, and said-
"Mirror, mirror upon the wall, Who is the fairest fair of all?"
And the mirror answered as before-
"O Lady Queen, though fair ye be, Snow-White is fairer far to see. Over the hills and far away, She dwells with seven dwarfs to-day."
The blood rushed to her face as she heard these words, for she knew that Snow-White must have come to life again.
"But I will manage to put an end to her yet," she said, and then, by means of her magic, she made a poisonous comb.
Again she disguised herself, climbed the seven mountains, and knocked at the door of the seven dwarfs' cottage, crying, "Good wares to sell-very cheap today!"
Snow-White looked out of the window and said, "Go away, good woman, for I dare not let you in."
Surely you can look at my goods," answered the woman, and held up the poisonous comb, which pleased Snow-White so well that she opened the door and bought it.
"Come, let me comb your hair in the newest way," said the woman, and the poor unsuspicious child let her have her way, but no sooner did the comb touch her hair than the poison began to work, and she fell fainting to the ground.
"There, you model of beauty," said the wicked woman, as she went away, "you are done for at last!"
But fortunately it was almost time for the dwarfs to come home, and as soon as they came in and found Snow-White lying upon the ground they guessed that her wicked step-mother had been there again, and set to work to find out what was wrong.
They soon saw the poisonous comb, and drew it out, and almost immediately Snow-White began to recover, and told them what had happened.
Once more they warned her to be on her guard, and to open the door to no one.
When the Queen reached home, she went straight to the mirror and said–
"Mirror, mirror on the wall, Who is the fairest fair of all?"
And the mirror answered-
"O Lady Queen, though fair ye be, Snow-White is fairer far to see. Over the hills and far away, She dwells with seven dwarfs to-day."
When the Queen heard these words she shook with rage. "Snow-White shall die," she cried, "even if it costs me my own life to manage it."
She went into a secret chamber, where no one else ever entered, and there she made a poisonous apple, and then she painted her face and disguised herself as a peasant woman, and climbed the seven mountains and went to the dwarfs' house.
She knocked at the door. Snow-White put her head out of the window, and said, "I must not let anyone in; the seven dwarfs have forbidden me to do so."
"It's all the same to me," answered the peasant woman; "I shall soon get rid of these fine apples. But before I go I'll make you a present of one."
"Oh! No," said Snow-White, "for I must not take it."
"Surely you are not afraid of poison?" said the woman. "See, I will cut one in two: the rosy cheek you shall take, and the white cheek I will eat myself."
Now, the apple had been so cleverly made that only the rose-cheeked side contained the poison. Snow-White longed for the delicious-looking fruit, and when she saw that the woman ate half of it, she thought there could be no danger, and stretched out her hand and took the other part. But no sooner had she tasted it than she fell down dead.
The wicked Queen laughed aloud with joy as she gazed at her. "White as snow, red as blood, black as ebony," she said, "this time the dwarfs cannot awaken you."
And she went straight home and asked her mirror–
"Mirror, mirror upon the wall, Who is the fairest fair of all?"
And at length it answered–
"Thou, O Queen, art fairest of all!"
So her envious heart had peace-at least, so much peace as an envious heart can have.
When the little dwarfs came home at night they found Snow-White lying upon the ground. No breath came from her parted lips, for she was dead. They lifted her tenderly and sought for some poisonous object which might have caused the mischief, unlaced her frock, combed her hair, and washed her with wine and water, but all in vain-dead she was and dead she remained. They laid her upon a bier, and all seven of them sat round about it, and wept as though their hearts would break, for three whole days.
When the time came that she should be laid in the ground they could not bear to part from her. Her pretty cheeks were still rosy red, and she looked just as though she were still living.
"We cannot hide her away in the dark earth," said the dwarfs, and so they made a transparent coffin of shining glass, and laid her in it, and wrote her name upon it in letters of gold; also they wrote that she was a King's daughter. Then they placed the coffin upon the mountain-top, and took it in turns to watch beside it. And all the animals came and wept for Snow-White, first an owl, then a raven, and then a little dove.
For a long, long time little Snow-White lay in the coffin, but her form did not wither; she only looked as though she slept, for she was still as white as snow, as red as blood, and as black as ebony.
It chanced that a King's son came into the wood, and went to the dwarfs' house, meaning to spend the night there. He saw the coffin upon the mountain-top, with little Snow-White lying within it, and he read the words that were written upon it in letters of gold.
And he said to the dwarfs, "If you will but let me have the coffin, you may ask of me what you will, and I will give it to you."
But the dwarfs answered, "We would not sell it for all the gold in the world."
Then said the Prince, "Let me have it as a gift, I pray you, for I cannot live without seeing little Snow-White, and I will prize your gift as the dearest of my possessions."
The good little dwarfs pitied him when they heard these words, and so gave him the coffin. The King's son then bade his servants place it upon their shoulders and carry it away, but as they went they stumbled over the stump of a tree, and the violent shaking shook the piece of poisonous apple which had lodged in Snow-White's throat out again, so that she opened her eyes, raised the lid of the coffin, and sat up, alive once more.
"Where am I?" she cried, and the happy Prince answered, "Thou art with me, dearest."
Then he told her all that had happened, and how he loved her better than the whole world, and begged her to go with him to his father's palace and be his wife. Snow-White consented, and went with him, and the wedding was celebrated with great splendour and magnificence.
Little Snow-White's wicked step-mother was bidden to the feast, and when she had arrayed herself in her most beautiful garments, she stood before her mirror, and said–
"Mirror, mirror upon the wall, Who is the fairest fair of all?"
And the mirror answered–
"O Lady Queen, though fair ye be, The young Queen is fairer to see."
Oh! How angry the wicked woman was then, and so terrified, too, that she scarcely knew what to do. At first she thought she would not go to the wedding at all, but then she felt that she could not rest until she had seen the young Queen. No sooner did she enter the palace than she recognized little Snow-White, and could not move for terror.
Then a pair of red-hot iron shoes was brought into the room with tongs and set before her, and these she was forced to put on and to dance in them until she could dance no longer, but fell down dead, and that was the end of her.
THE END!

writing material


NARRATIVE PARAGRAPH

Narrative is a story that describes real or imaginative events of people. A paragraph, on the other hand, is a series of sentences that deals with a specific subject. A narrative paragraph therefore is a story of fictional or non-fictional human events in a constructive form. It consists of a topic sentence, the body of the paragraph that supports the topic and a conclusion.

 How to write  a narrative paragraph?
First, choose a favorite topic that creates curiosity. For instance, you wish to write about a romance that began via the internet.

Second, write a line that recounts the romance. A narrative paragraph about online dating may use a topic sentence as this: I never dreamed the man I met through online dating would become my husband two years later. Be as creative as you wish.

Third, note down several details about your chosen topic. Emphasize important facts that you know. The details of the chosen topic might be how the two people met, their first real eyeball, the sealing of love, the obstacles and the challenges and finally, the wedding. In your story, you can have more, as long as the details are accurate and important to your topic.

Fourth, craft an outline of your paragraph that starts with the topic sentence and includes the important details that you had noted. Do research. Expand your narration about your topic or in this case, about internet romance or online dating.

Fifth, write your detail sentences. Be careful with connecting each sentence logically through narrative form.

Sixth, end with a closing sentence that summarizes your paragraph; but avoiding repetition of details. In the example, the concluding sentence may be: Now, computers and the internet have become obsolete since me and my husband have all the time to talk and touch, in real.

Seventh, ensure that your narrative paragraph is error-free in spelling, grammar and punctuation. There are free sites in the internet that check grammar and spelling, or ask a friend to proofread.


Example of a Narrative Paragraph

 

Larry suddenly woke up from a deep sleep. The sun was dazzling his half-open eyes, and he couldn’t figure out what time it was. The door to his room was closed; the house was immersed in some sort of reckless silence. He slowly got out of his bed and approached the bench right next to the window. For a moment, he thought, he heard a tapping sound coming from the attic. Then again he heard the sound, only this time it seemed to be somewhat closer. He looked outside the window and saw a man going by the left side of the road. On seeing Larry, the man approached his garden’s fence and whistled. At this point, Larry recognized Nick and waved his hand. He quickly got dressed and was about the get down to open the gate, but he again heard someone murmuring in the other part of the house. Larry decided to go to the attic and see what was causing this, now buzzing, sound. He got to the second floor of his house and looked toward the attic. He quickly opened its door and looked inside. Nothing was found. He was about to turn back and attend to his guest when he, suddenly, slipped on the stairs and fell. He called out to Nick to help him get up.

Minggu, 15 Januari 2012

teaching narrative

pembelajaran narrative menggunakan media powerpoint yang efektif.
klik disini

SENSE RELATION ( SYSTEMIC FUNCTION GRAMMAR )



   Name    : Wawan
   NPM      : 08429632
  Class      : 6N
 
SENSE RELATION

Sense relation is all word which related in one way or another, hence sense relations. It is relation in lexical meaning, such as : Lexis (word), Lexeme ( the small unit of word) and lexicon (vocab).
Oval: SENSEOval: REFERENTOval: CONCEPTThe relation between concept, sense and referent :













·        Concept is a plan which still in mind
·        Sense is  a process to get the meaning
·        Referent is a think after get the meaning

Types of sense relation :
1.     Hyponym  ( Semantic inclusion )
Hyponym deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. It refers to the relationship which obtains between the genus (general lexical item ) and the species ( specific lexical item )
-          The general lexical items is called the superordinate ( hypernym )
-          The specific words are know as hyponyms
Example :

                                                Emotion
 

  = superordinate ( hypernim )
                                                             




     Joy                  Hate                Fear                Grief                           Love    = hyponym



                                                 FLOWERS
 

 = superordinate ( hypernim )
                                                                            






     rose                                        jasmine                      tulip                = hyponym



2.      Synonymy
Synonym is word which are identical in meaning in all its aspects, both in grammatical and lexical meaning, including conceptual and associative meaning.
Example :
-          Look for        :  search
-          Carry             : bring
-          Popular         : famous
-          Etc

Sources of synonyms
Borrowing
Native
Borrowed
room
chamber
foe
enemy
help
aid
leave
depart
bodily
Corporal

3.     Antonym
Antonyms is concerned with semantic opposition. In an other meaning, some people said it’s the opposite meaning.
Types of antonyms :
a.      Contraries
Antonyms of this type are best viewed in term of a scale running between two poles or extremes. The two opposites are gradable.
Example :
Hot, warm >< cool, cold
Beautiful, pretty, good-looking >< plain, ugly
Old – young, open – close, big – small, poor – rich
Stupid >< smart
b.      Complementaries
This antonyms truly represent oppositeness. They are so opposed to each other thet they are mutually exclusive and admit no possibility between them ( non- gradable )
Example :
Dead – alive, present – absent, male – female, true – false, approval – disapproval, capable – incapable, ( the word using prefixed : dis -, in - , il - ,ir- , im- , um -  )